Connecting the hob to the mains: schemes and rules

A hob is an essential item in the kitchen, while the electric panel is one of the most powerful consumers in the apartment.

Before installing the hobs, in order to ensure safe and continuous use, it is necessary to familiarize yourself with the basic rules for connecting them to the mains.

Hob installation requirements

Installation of hobs can be carried out independently only in compliance with certain rules.

Ventilation provision

First: the room where they are used, must be equipped with a ventilation system.

Over burners hoods recommended, allowing to absorb the vapor from the cooked food on the stove.

Must be observed requirements for the distance from the hob to the bottom of the hood. For electric stoves, it should be at least 70 cm, and for gas stoves - 10 cm more.

Countertop requirement

The second rule is related to the ability of the countertop, on which the technical equipment is attached, withstand heat: minimum 100 ° C.

Important! In connection with the indicated conditions of use, the thickness of the material must be at least 25 mm.

Permissible Neighborhood Borders

The following requirement requires the device to be installed so that leave a distance between the boundaries of the area of the plate and the vertical surfaces located around it: walls and enclosures of adjacent cabinets. It should be 15 cm, not less.

Direct wiring line

When connecting electric hobs to the mains, you must use direct wiring line from the shield to the device. It needs to be started on protective grounding device (RCD) of the nominal value corresponding to the power consumption.

How to connect an induction hob to the mains

There are no fundamental differences in connecting an induction panel from a classic hob. Details of the process are detailed below.

Choosing a cable to connect

Usually when choosing a cable are guided by two main parameters: number of cores and thickness.

Number of cores

First parameter depends on the number of contacts in the plug or terminal block the connected device.

The hob has two connection options: 3 or 4 cores.

Three wires used in case of filing from a network of one phase (220 V).
If they come to the visor 2 or 3 phases (380 V), then it is more advisable to connect the induction cooker via 4-wire circuit, because in this case, less current will flow through the wires. Consequently, they will heat less, consumption efficiency will be higher.

Cable thickness

After you have determined how many phases are available at the input and according to which circuit the plate will be connected, you must correctly calculate the cable thickness.

reference: depending on the power of the device, wiring with a thickness of 4 or 6 mm2 is suitable.

It should be borne in mind that for low-power boards, the terminals are designed for wire thickness 4 mm², and when trying to connect to larger conductors certain problems may arise.

Type and design

If we talk about the type of cable and its design, then can be used both hard and soft (consisting of multi-wire cores) copper wiring option, preferably with increased fire protection.

Reference: Some of the most popular brands are: NYM, VVGNG, VVGNG-LS.

Masters who constantly work with cable products, especially for large wires, prefer to use soft eyeliner. The veins in it consist of a large number of copper wires tightly intertwined.

First of all, such a cable is less heated, because the current propagates along the surface of the conductor, and not inside it. And for a solid wire, the total conductive surface is much smaller.
Secondly, flexible cable is much easier to operate, especially with tight installation.

The only disadvantage stranded conductor there is a need to purchase tips or sleeves for attaching it to the terminals.

Wiring diagram

Distribution Network Options

Before considering the scheme of connecting the device to the network, it is necessary to list the distribution network options that are found in houses and apartments and, accordingly, the number of cores in the internal wiring.

Two-core - The most unsuccessful version of a single-phase network without grounding: come "zero" and phase. This option not suitable for connecting most household appliances, especially a powerful induction cooker.
Three-core - “zero”, “ground” and one phase are fed from the network. Such wiring will allow you to connect the device in a three-wire circuit in case of sufficient allocated power.
Four-wire - rare option used in modern new buildings. In addition to grounding and neutral wire, 2 phases come.
Classic Three Phase Network - five lines are fed, three of which are phases. It is characteristic of large private houses with high allocated power.

reference. Options 3 and 4 are most preferred for use in a hob connection diagram, although not always available.

Device contacts

Induction cooker supplied not included cord with plug due to the variety of options for the internal circuit of the distribution network (see above).

Typically, a device has 6 inputs per pin groupwhich are designated as follows:

L1, L2, L3 - phases;
N1, N2 - zero contacts;
PE - grounding.

ATTENTION! Electrical wiring has generally accepted color codes.

For earthen wires used yellow or yellow-green braid.
For "scratch" - blue.
Phase conductors can be any color, but usually in a two-phase network use brown or black insulation.
And to distinguish between phases three phase network - yellow, green and red marking.

Panel Connection

Now it's time to move on to connecting the wires to the panel.

For this you need her turn the burners down and on the flip side find the cover hiding the contact group.
Turn away a fixing bolt and free access to the terminals. If a jumper is installed between the ground and earth terminals, it must be removed.
First things first ground the devicefixing in the terminal marked PE yellow-green wire.
Since we have only one zero wire coming from the shield, connect it to terminal N1, and close the second terminal with a jumper.
Just in case, make sure that the phases are disconnected by leaning against them with a test screwdriver.
Connect the remaining wires to the pins marked with the letter L.. Connect the rest of the power inputs with jumpers.

Work on the consumer side is completed.

Connection via a shield

Before you start working in the shield, turn off the input switch and using a probe make sure that the shield is completely de-energized. The line going to the device is switched to the distribution network in the usual way.

ATTENTION! In the absence of grounding in the network, it is necessary to seek help from electricians. Operation of the hob is prohibited without connecting to ground.

The ground wire is fixed to the ground bus. Start the phase on the circuit breaker (1 or 3-phase).
On the other hand, connect the machine to the protective grounding device, to which also connect the neutral wire going to the device. As an alternative, you can use a circuit with a differential automaton. Use ratings appropriate to the level of power consumed by the equipment.
Before supplying electricity to the input of the panel to avoid short circuit make sure the opposite end of the power cable is connected to the appliance or to a power outlet. Otherwise, his veins must be insulated.

How to connect the surface using a plug and socket

When purchasing a set of power sockets and plugs, one should take into account what maximum current it should be designed for and how many contacts (3 or 4) will be used.

A suitable outlet rating is 25 or 32 A.

The current level is easily calculated by the formula: I = P / U, where:

I is the current strength, A;
P is the power of the plate, W;
U - voltage, V (equal to 220 or 380 V, depending on the switching circuit).

When connecting the outlet, use the color coding of the wires. This will avoid incorrect electrical switching, which can lead to equipment failure or melting of network sections.

Attach the socket housing to the wall, connect to the wire terminals in accordance with the designations indicated on the product.

Also observing polarity, connect the plug to the wire.

Make sure that the circuit breakers of the plug and socket match. Check the voltage in the phase contacts of the outlet, then carefully insert the plug into it and turn on the hob.

How to connect a surface without a plug

An alternative to connecting an electric hob to electricity can be a circuit direct connection using terminal box.

This option has a number of advantages - it is more reliable and intuitive. An error when connecting wires is practically eliminated.

The downside is the inability to quickly disconnect the stove from the electric line. To de-energize the device, you will have to make manipulations in the shield.

reference. To connect to the terminals in the box, the ends of the wires are twisted in the shape of a ring.

For flexible type cable twist it is necessary to tin or use terminal lugs for plug or ring type terminals.

How to connect a gas hob

Gas hob It is connected to electricity if it is equipped with an automatic ignition system. The same applies to combined options. For example, the hob surface is connected to the gas, but equipped with an electric oven.

Such models consume a small amount of power, therefore To connect them, it is quite possible to use a standard electrical outlet.

No special measures necessary for connecting cooking electric panels are not required.

However, it should be noted that when connecting a gas stove to electricity, it is not recommended to use metal corrugated eyeliner, because if a spark gets on it, a fire may occur.

For safety reasons, it is recommended to use a gas hose.